灯具防水问题一直是户外灯具厂商关注的重点，UL和IEC标准中对灯具防水的要求有比较大的差异，我们一一细看


 
UL 1598——
对于UL1598，主要分为2个测试，分别是从上往下的淋雨测试（rain test）和从下往上的洒水测试（Sprinkler test）具体应用场合见下图及表格





具体到测试设备，作为出水喷头，尺寸要求如下：

 

作为整体装置，淋雨测试的整体设备应如下安排：



洒水测试的整体设备如下安排：



测试细节参数：



具体到测试细节，灯具先预热30分钟，然后所有可替换的加压部件都拆卸后重新安装，根据要求安装灯具至指定位置，水和灯的开关顺序和时间要求如下：
1． 水关，灯亮，一小时；
2． 水开，灯灭，半小时；
3． 水开，灯开，两小时；
4． 水开，灯灭，半小时；
测试后，1. 打耐压；2. 看水是否影响灯具的正常工作或有风险危害；3. 水不可接触带电体，水滴可以附着在非编织材料的塑料绝缘线表面，除非该线型可承受浸没，否则水滴不可凝聚成小水池。
 
IEC 69598——
对于IEC60598，灯具的防水根据IP等级进行了分级，IP等级的第二位代表防水等级，各个等级的要求如下：
IPX1
Drip-proof luminaires (second characteristic IP numeral 1) are subjected for 10 min to an artificial rainfall of 1 mm/min, falling vertically from a height of 200 mm above the top of the luminaire.
将灯具放置于垂直滴落的淋雨头下面，淋雨头距离灯具顶部200mm高，水滴落速度1mm/分钟
IPX3
Rain-proof luminaires (second characteristic IP numeral 3) are sprayed with water for 10 min by means of a spray apparatus as shown. The radius of the semicircular tube shall be as small as possible and compatible with the size and position of the luminaire.
用如上图设备的120度出水管，左右各旋转60度，从上部喷水，水速0.07L/MIN(水压大约80KN/M2)，水管摆动周期4秒，灯具本身也要1分钟每转自转，一共10分钟，设备如下图。



IPX4
Splash-proof luminaires (second characteristic IP numeral 4) are sprayed from every direction with water for 10 min by means of the spray apparatus shown in Figure 7 and described in 9.2.4. The luminaire shall be mounted under the pivot line of the tube so that the ends of the luminaire receive adequate coverage from the jets.
还是用IPX3设备，其他参数一样，但是水管左右旋转角度要求达到左右各180度，摆动周期12秒。



IPX5
Jet-proof luminaires (second characteristic IP numeral 5) are switched off and immediately subjected to a water jet for 15 min from all directions by means of a hose having a nozzle with the shape and dimensions shown in Figure 8. The nozzle shall be held 3 m away the sample.
用带特殊结构的喷头的软管在3m外从各个方向喷射15分钟，水速12.5L/min(水压大约30KN/M2)，喷头结构如下图：



IPX6
Powerful water jet-proof luminaires (second characteristic IP numeral 6) are switched off and immediately subjected to a water jet for 3 min from all directions by means of a hose having a nozzle with the shape and dimensions shown in Figure 8. The nozzle shall be held 3 m away from the sample.
用X5相同喷头在3m外从各个方向喷射15分钟，水速100L/min(水压大约100KN/M2)
IPX7
Watertight luminaires (second characteristic IP numeral 7) are switched off and immediately immersed for 30 min in water, so that there is at least 150 mm of water above the top of the luminaire and the lowest portion is subjected to at least 1 m head of water. Luminaires shall be held in position by their normal fixing means.
将灯具浸没在水中30分钟，灯具顶部距离水面150mm，灯具底部距离水底1m以上。灯具正常安装固定。
IPX8
Pressure watertight luminaires (second characteristic IP numeral 8) are heated either by switching on the lamp or by other suitable means, so that the temperature of the luminaire enclosure exceeds that of the water in the test tank by between 5 °C and 10 °C. The luminaire shall then be switched off and subjected to a water pressure of 1,3 times that
pressure which corresponds to the rated maximum immersion depth for a period of 30 min.
将灯具点亮使灯具外壳比水温高5-10度，然后关灯将灯具放入水下30分钟，水压需要是额定浸没水深时水压的1.3倍。
判断依据
除非满足不超过交流12V有效值或30V直流的SELV部分或有防腐保护的部分，电气连接部分、带电件或可能存在风险的绝缘部分（如电气间隙可能减少）不应存在水迹。对于没有排水孔的灯具，内部不得进水；对于有排水孔的灯具，如果可以有效排出并在可以保证不会使电气间隙小于标准中的最低等级的情况下，可以允许水进入灯具中。
对于带有水密或压力水密的灯具，灯具内部不得进水。
 
如上介绍，IEC60598和UL1598从的防水分级到测试细节都有较大不同，如果同时用两个标准评估，不存在测试的等效性与替代性，还是需要根据自身产品定位分别进行测试判断是否满足。
 
苏州德立弗拥有的测试设备，可以帮您完成UL及IEC的各类IP防水测试，为您的产品的防水可靠性保驾护航。